Anatomy & Physiology: With Solved Questions
- Delhi AITBS Publishers 2025
- 275 p.
Contents Preface (v) Acknowledgements (vii) 1. Introduction to Anatomical Terms 1-7 Anatomical Terms 1 Directional Terms 2 Regional Terms 2 Sample Questions 5 Answers 7 2. The Organization of the Body 8-25 Levels of Organization 8 The Cell 9 Tissues 12 Organs 16 Organ System 16 Glands 16 Membranes 16 Cavities 17 Sample Questions 19 Answers 24 3. The Skeletal System 26-59 Type of Bones 26 Structure of Bones 27 Microscopic Structure of Bones 28 Axial Skeleton 29 Fontanelles of Skull 30 Sinuses 30 Bones of the Face 30 Vertebral Column 32 Features of Vertebral Column 34 Thoracic Cage 35 Appendicular Skeleton 36 Shoulder Girdle 36 The Upper Limb 38 Pelvic Girdle 40 The Lower Limb 40 Joints 42 Types of Synovial Joints 44 Some Important Joints 44 Sample Questions 47 Answers 55 4. The Muscular System 60-73 Types of Muscles 60 Muscles of the Face 61 Muscles of the Neck 62 Muscles of the Back 63 Muscles of the Abdominal Wall 63 Muscles of the Pelvic Floor 64 Muscles of the Shoulder and Upper Limbs 64 Muscles of Hip and Lower Limbs 66 Sample Questions 69 Answers 72 5. The Cardiovascular System 74-103 Blood 74 Heart 77 Cardiac Cycle 81 Blood Vessels 83 Circulation of Blood 84 Pulse 85 Blood Pressure 86 Lymphatic System 89 Lymph Vessels 90 Lymph Nodes 91 Spleen 91 Thymus Gland 92 Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) 92 Sample Questions 93 Answers 101 6. The Respiratory System 104-126 Nose and Nasal Cavity 104 Pharynx 106 Laryns 107 Trachea 109 Bronchi, Bronchioles and Alveoli 110 Lungs 111 Respiration 112 Exchange of Gases 114 Diffusion of Gases 115 Transport of Gases in the Blood Stream 116 Control of Respiration 116 Lung Volume and Capacity 116 Sample Questions 118 Answers 124 7. The Digestive System 127-154 Organs of the Digestive System 127 Basic Structure of Alimentary Tract 128 Mouth 129 Pharynx 132 Oesophagus 132 Stomach 134 Small Intestine 137 Large Intestine 139 Rectum 140 Anal Canal 140 Pancreas 142 Liver 143 Biliary Tract 145 Gall Bladder 145 Metabolism 146 Sample Questions 146 Answers 152 8. The Excretory System 155-176 The Urinary System 155 The Kidney 155 Nephron 157 Ureter 161 Urinary Bladder 161 Urethra 162 Micturition 163 The Skin 164 Sample Questions 167 Answers 174 9. The Nervous System 177-206 Neurons 177 Types of Nerves 178 The Nerve Impulse 179 The Synapse 180 Central Nervous System 181 Brain 181 Parts of Brain 184 Spinal Cord 188 Peripheral Nervous System 190 Spinal Nerves 190 Cranial Nerves 192 Autonomic Nervous System 195 Sample Questions 197 Answers 204 10. The Endocrine System 207-221 Pituitary Gland 207 Thyroid Gland 210 Parathyroid Gland 211 Adrenal Gland 211 Pancreatic Islets 212 Thymus Gland 213 Gonads 213 Other Hormone Producing Organs 214 Sample Questions 215 Answers 219 11. The Sense of Organs 222-244 The Ear 222 The Eye 227 Sense of Smell 234 Sense of Taste 235 Sample Questions 236 Answers 241 12. The Reproductive System 245-270 Female Reproductive System246 External Genitalia 246 Internal Genitalia 247 Puberty in Female 251 Menstrual Cycle 252 Menopause 253 Breasts 254 Male Reproductive System 254 Scrotum 254 Testes 255 Sample Questions 260 Answers 267 Index 271-275