Section 1: General Anatomy
1. Anatomy—Past, Present and Future 3
2. Basic Tissues of the Body 6
3. Cartilage, Bones and Joints 29
4. Vascular Tissue and Lymphatic Tissue 42
5. Skin, Hypodermis and Deep Fascia 49
6. Descriptive Anatomical Terms 54
7. Clinicoanatomical Problems and Solutions 57
Section 2: General Embryology
8. General Embryology including Basic Genetics and Genetic Causes of Birth Defects 63
9. Clinicoanatomical Problems and Solutions 94
Section 3: Upper Limb
10. Bones of Upper Extremity 101
11. Pectoral Region and Breast 119
12. Axilla and Axillary Lymph Nodes 131
13. Brachial Plexus and Axillary Vessels 136
14. Superficial Muscles of Back and Scapular Region 146
15. Pectoral Girdle and Shoulder Joint 155
16. Upper Limb (Cutaneous Nerves, Dermatomes, Superficial Veins, Lymph Vessels and Lymph Nodes) 162
17. Compartments of Arm 168
18. Cubital Fossa and Elbow Joint 176
19. Compartments of Forearm 183
20. Radioulnar Joints and Wrist Joint 198
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21. Hand 207
22. Long Nerves of Upper Limb 223
23. Clinicoanatomical Problems and Solutions 231
Section 4: Lower Limb
24. Bones of Lower Limb 239
25. Surface Features, Cutaneous Nerves, Venous and Lymphatic Drainage of Lower Limb 258
26. Front of Thigh 268
27. Gluteal Region, Posterior Compartment of Thigh and Sciatic Nerve 281
28. Adductor or Medial Compartment of Thigh and Hip Joint 293
29. Popliteal Fossa and Knee Joint 305
30. Compartments of Leg and Retinacula Around Ankle 321
31. Tibiofibular Joints and the Ankle Joint 335
32. The Foot 340
33. Clinicoanatomical Problems and Solutions 355
Section 5: Thorax
34. Bones of Thoracic Cage 363
35. Thoracic Inlet and Thoracic Wall 371
36. Mediastinum, Pleural Cavities and Organs of Respiratory System 381
37. Thoracic Diaphragm and Phrenic Nerves 403
38. Development of Heart and Congenital Anomalies 411
39. Pharyngeal Arch Arteries and Fetal Circulation 418
40. Pericardium and Heart 424
41. Blood Supply of Heart 439
42. Fibrous Skeleton, Conducting Tissue and Nerve Supply of Heart 445
43. Major Blood Vessels of Thorax 449
44. Lymphatic Organs and Autonomic Nerves of Thorax 459
45. Esophagus 466
46. Clinicoanatomical Problems and Solutions 471
Contents xix
Section 6: Abdomen, Pelvis and Perineum
47. Bones of Abdomen and Pelvis 479
48. Anterior Abdominal Wall and Inguinal Canal 485
49. General Disposition of Peritoneum and Viscera in Abdominopelvic Cavity and Development of Gut 504
50. Stomach, Duodenum, Small Intestine and Large Intestine 519
51. Pancreas, Liver, Biliary Apparatus and Spleen 542
52. Blood Supply of Digestive Tract 560
53. Lumbar Fascia and Posterior Abdominal Wall or Retroperitoneum 567
54. Suprarenal Glands, Kidneys and Ureters 579
55. Extraperitoneal Structures in True Pelvis 596
56. Sigmoid Colon, Rectum and Urinary Bladder 603
57. Reproductive Organs 613
58. Perineum in Male and Female 638
59. Clinicoanatomical Problems and Solutions 662
Section 7: Head and Neck
60. Bones of Head and Neck 671
61. Scalp 697
62. Face including Eyelids and Lacrimal Apparatus 701
63. Parotid Gland 717
64. Cervical Fascia and Triangles of Neck 722
65. Submandibular Region and Submandibular Gland 736
66. Pharyngeal or Branchial Arches 744
67. Thyroid Gland and Parathyroid Glands 747
68. Major Blood Vessels, Cervical Plexus, Cervical Sympathetic Chain, Cervical Lymph Nodes and
Deep Muscles of Neck 754
69. Infratemporal Fossa, Pterygopalatine Fossa, Maxillary Artery and Temporomandibular Joint 769
70. Orbit and Eyeball 783
71. Oral Cavity, Tongue and Palate 801
72. Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Air Sinuses 811
73. Pharynx 819
74. Larynx 829
75. Ear (External and Middle), Eustachian Tube, Mastoid Antrum and Internal Ear 837
76. Clinicoanatomical Problems and Solutions 850
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Section 8: Vertebral Column and Spinal Cord, Cranial Cavity and Brain
77. Deep Muscles of Back, Suboccipital Triangle and Vertebral Artery 857
78. Vertebral Column 865
79. Spinal Cord 875
80. Cranial Meninges, Dural Venous Sinuses, Middle Menigeal Artery and Pituitary Gland 890
81. Development of Central Nervous System 904
82. Base of Brain and Brainstem 909
83. Cerebellum and Fourth Ventricle 925
84. Diencephalon and Third Ventricle 933
85. Cerebrum 942
86. Blood Supply of Brain 950
87. White Matter of Cerebrum 957
88. Reticular Formation, Lateral Ventricle, Basal Ganglia Limbic System and Csf Circulation 963
89. Overview of Autonomic Nervous System 973
90. Clinicoanatomical Problems and Solutions 977
Section 9: Cranial Nerves
91. Olfactory Nerve and Pathway 983
92. Optic Nerve and Visual (Optic) Pathway 985
93. Oculomotor Nerve, Trochlear Nerve and Abducent Nerve 990
94. Trigeminal Nerve and Sensory Pathway 996
95. Facial Nerve 1001
96. Vestibulocochlear Nerve, Vestibular Pathway and Auditory Pathway 1006
97. Glossopharyngeal Nerve 1010
98. Vagus Nerve 1013
99. Accessory Nerve 1017
100. Hypoglossal Nerve 1019
101. Clinicoanatomical Problems and Solutions 1022
Index 1025