| General note |
Section 1A: General Considerations and Bacterial Infections<br/> Section Editor: Rajeev Soman<br/>PART 1: General Considerations<br/>1. General Considerations of Infections: Basic Concepts of Infections 3<br/>MVS Subbalaxmi, P Umabala<br/>2. Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases 7<br/>Anand Shah, Camilla Rodrigues<br/>3. Syndromic Approach to Infectious Diseases 15<br/>Jatin Ahuja<br/>PART 2: Antimicrobial Therapy<br/>4. Antibiotic Resistance and Antimicrobial Stewardship 21<br/>Abdul Ghafur<br/>5. Infection in the Immunocompromised Host 23<br/>Niveditha Niranjan, Subramanian Swaminathan<br/>6. Diagnosis and Treatment of Hospital-acquired Infections 29<br/>Malathi Murugesan, Anupa Thampy, Priscilla Rupali<br/>7. Prevention of Healthcare-associated Infections 39<br/>Yamunadevi R, V Ramasubramanian<br/>8. Hospital Infection Control 46<br/>Rohini Kelkar<br/>PART 3: Bacterial Infections<br/>Part 3.1: Gram-positive Infections<br/>9. Staphylococcal Infections 49<br/>Ram Gopalakrishnan<br/>10. Streptococcal Infections 52<br/>Surabhi Madan<br/>11. Pneumococcal Infections 55<br/>Preeti M Pillai<br/>12. Enterococcal Infections 60<br/>Kanishka Davda<br/>13. Diphtheria 64<br/>Sandeep B Bavdekar<br/>Contents xlvi<br/>14. Clostridial Infections 68<br/>Vidya Devarajan, Sowmya Sridharan<br/>Part 3.2: Gram-negative Infections<br/>15. Meningococcal Infections 75<br/>Neha Gupta, Ashish Joshi<br/>16. Gonococcal Infections 80<br/>Uday S Khopkar, Prachi V Gole<br/>17. Typhoid (Enteric Fever) 84<br/>George K Varghese<br/>18. Bacillary Dysentery 88<br/>Tanu Singhal<br/>19. Cholera 92<br/>Prasanta Kumar Bhattacharya, Md Jamil<br/>20. Enterobacteriaceae 96<br/>Nitin Shinde<br/>21. Haemophilus influenzae Infections 100<br/>Vidyullata A Koparkar<br/>22. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections 103<br/>Anup R Warrier<br/>23. Acinetobacter 106<br/>Vasant Nagvekar, Shalmali Inamdar<br/>PART 4: Miscellaneous Bacterial Infection<br/>24. Syphilis 110<br/>HR Jerajani<br/>25. Leptospirosis 115<br/>Bharat Purandare<br/>26. Other Spirochaetal Infections: Lyme Disease and Rat Bite Fever 120<br/>Pratik Savaj, Frenil Munim<br/>27. Brucellosis 123<br/>Pratibha Phadke<br/>28. Actinomycosis 126<br/>Smrati Bajpai Tiwari<br/>PART 5: Mycobacterial Infections<br/>29. Laboratory Diagnosis of Tuberculosis 128<br/>Swapna Kanade, Gita Nataraj<br/>30. Treatment of Drug-susceptible Tuberculosis 132<br/>Sujeet Rajan, Iram Syed<br/>31. Treatment of Drug-resistant Tuberculosis 137<br/>Pralhad Prabhudesai, Tasneem S Bohra<br/>32. Leprosy 141<br/>Usha Naraindas Khemani, Avinash A Sajgane<br/>Contents<br/>xlvii<br/>PART 6: Rickettsial, Chlamydial and Mycoplasma Infections<br/>33. Rickettsial Infections 153<br/>Sanjay K Mahajan<br/>Section 1B: Parasitic and Fungal Infections<br/>Section Editor: Shyam Sunder<br/>PART 1: Protozoal Diseases<br/>1. Malaria 160<br/>Kavitha Saravu<br/>2. Amebiasis and Giardiasis 170<br/>Jyotirmoy Pal, Uddalak Chakraborty<br/>3. Leishmaniasis 178<br/>Shyam Sundar<br/>4. Toxoplasmosis 183<br/>Madhukar Rai<br/>5. Cryptosporidiosis, Trichomoniasis, Balantidiasis and Cystoisospora 187<br/>Atul Bhasin, Rajinder Kr Singal<br/>PART 2: Helminthic Diseases<br/>6. Ankylostomiasis, Ascariasis and Other Nematodal Infections 190<br/>Narender Pal Jain, Sandeep Chhabra<br/>7. Tapeworm and Hydatid Diseases 202<br/>Jyoti Jain<br/>8. Lymphatic Filariasis and Related Diseases 209<br/>Suma Krishnasastry<br/>PART 3: Fungal Infections<br/>9. Systemic Fungal Infections 216<br/>Atul Prabhakar Kulkarni, Suhail Sarwar Siddiqui<br/>10. Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia 224<br/>V Ramasubramanian, R Madhumitha<br/>Section 1C: Viral Infections<br/>Section Editor: Dilip Mathai<br/>1. Basic Considerations of Viral Diseases 229<br/>Dilip Mathai, Sara Chandy<br/>2. Herpes Virus Infections (Simplex and Zoster) 236<br/>Aditya Prakash Misra<br/>3. Influenza and Other Common Viral Respiratory Infections<br/>(Parainfluenza, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, and Rhinovirus) 241<br/>Swati Rajagopal<br/>4. Viral Gastroenteritis 249<br/>Preeti Shanbag<br/>Contents xlviii<br/>5. Rabies 252<br/>Tarun Kumar Dutta, Siddharth P<br/>6. Arboviral Infections 260<br/>K Ravi, Vallish Shenoy<br/>7. Dengue 271<br/>GD Ravindran<br/>8. Chikungunya 283<br/>Mohini Ganu, Ashok S Ganu<br/>9. Japanese Encephalitis 288<br/>Wadia Pettarusp Murzban, Irani Azad Marazban<br/>SECTION 2: HIV MEDICINE<br/>Section Editor: Alaka Deshpande<br/>1. Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS 295<br/>Naval Chandra<br/>2. HIV Virology, Immunology, and Laboratory Diagnosis 298<br/>Gurleen Mehta, Sunil K Arora<br/>3. Pathophysiology and Clinical Features of HIV/AIDS 303<br/>Ameet Dravid<br/>4. HIV and Systemic Involvement: Central Nervous System 308<br/>Nitin Gupta<br/>5. HIV and Systemic Involvement: Cardiovascular System 311<br/>Amar R Pazare<br/>6. HIV and Systemic Involvement: Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Systems 313<br/>Subhasish Kamal Guha, Soumendra Nath Haldar<br/>7. HIV and Systemic Involvement: Hematology 316<br/>Irom Anil Singh, RK Banashree Devi<br/>8. HIV and Systemic Involvement: Kidney 319<br/>Dilip A Kirpalani, Hardik Shah<br/>9. HIV and Systemic Involvement: Dermatological Manifestations 321<br/>Swagata Arvind Tambe, Dattatray G Saple<br/>10. HIV and Systemic Involvement: Endocrinology and Metabolism 326<br/>Rupal N Padhiyar<br/>11. HIV and Malignancy 328<br/>Alaka Deshpande<br/>12. Antiretroviral Therapy 334<br/>BB Rewari, Priyanka Ojha<br/>13. Antiretroviral Drug Toxicities and Drug Interactions 341<br/>Atul K Patel, Ketan K Patel<br/>14. Antiretroviral Therapy Resistance 348<br/>Alaka Deshpande<br/>15. Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in HIV 353<br/>Sajith Kumar R<br/>Contents<br/>xlix<br/>16. Quest for HIV Cure 355<br/>Ramesh S Paranjape<br/>17. HIV and Pregnancy 358<br/>Seema Mehta, Noopur Prasad<br/>18. HIV-2 362<br/>Sanjay Pujari, Sunil Gaikwad<br/>SECTION 3: RHEUMATOLOGY<br/>Section Editor: Rohini Handa<br/>1. Basic Considerations 367<br/>Rohini Handa<br/>2. Soft Tissue Rheumatism and Regional Rheumatic Pain Syndromes 372<br/>Lt Gen Ved Chaturvedi<br/>3. Low Back Pain 378<br/>Ghan Shyam Pangtey, Gaurav Seth<br/>4. Osteoarthritis 386<br/>Nilesh Nolkha, Meha Sharma<br/>5. Gout and Other Crystal Arthritides 394<br/>Ramakrishna Rao Uppuluri, Shiva Shankar Challa<br/>6. Rheumatoid Arthritis 403<br/>Subramanian Shankar, Prashant Jambunathan<br/>7. Spondyloarthritides 415<br/>Milind Y Nadkar<br/>8. Sjögren’s Syndrome 425<br/>Uma Kumar, Sauvik Dasgupta<br/>9. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 429<br/>Vikram Londhey<br/>10. Antiphospholipid Syndrome 434<br/>Vikas Agarwal, Durga Prasanna Misra<br/>11. Inflammatory Muscle Diseases 439<br/>Shounak Ghosh, Alakendu Ghosh<br/>12. Systemic Sclerosis 446<br/>Shefali K Sharma, Siddharth Jain<br/>13. The Vasculitides 451<br/>Aman Sharma<br/>14. Mixed Connective Tissue Disease and Overlap Syndromes 462<br/>G Narsimulu, I Rajendra Vara Prasad<br/>15. Emergencies in Rheumatology 466<br/>Madhumita P Das<br/>16. Tropical Rheumatic Diseases 472<br/>Manesh Manoj, Rasmi Ranjan Sahoo, Anupam Wakhlu<br/>17. Biologics and Biosimilars in Rheumatology 480<br/>Chengappa Kavadichanda, Vir Singh Negi<br/>Contents l<br/>SECTION 4: METABOLISM<br/>Section Editor: Subhankar Chowdhury<br/>1. Disorders of Lipid and Lipoprotein Metabolism 491<br/>SK Wangnoo<br/>2. Disorders of Adipose Tissue and Obesity 501<br/>Soumitra Ghosh<br/>3. Disorders of Iron Metabolism and Iron Overload Syndromes 506<br/>Sudhir Mehta, Laxmi Kant Goyal, Shaurya Mehta<br/>4. The Porphyrias 518<br/>Dhanpat Kumar Kochar, Abhishek Kochar<br/>5. Wilson’s Disease 525<br/>Sanjib Sinha, DV Seshagiri<br/>SECTION 5: BONE DISORDERS<br/>Section Editor: CV Harinarayan<br/>1. Rickets and Osteomalacia 535<br/>Varun Suryadevara, Sadishkumar Kamalanathan<br/>2. Osteoporosis 540<br/>Sambit Das, Nitin Kapoor<br/>SECTION 6: ENDOCRINOLOGY<br/>Section Editor: Sanjay Kalra<br/>1. Basic Considerations of Endocrinology 547<br/>Sanjay Kalra<br/>2. Endocrine Disorders: A Clinical Approach 550<br/>Sahana Shetty<br/>3. Disorders of Hypothalamus and Pineal Gland 558<br/>Moomin Hussain Bhat, Bashir Ahmad Laway<br/>4. Disorders of Anterior Pituitary 564<br/>Saptarshi Bhattacharya<br/>5. Disorders of Posterior Pituitary 577<br/>GR Sridhar<br/>6. Disorders of Thyroid Gland 580<br/>Alpesh Goyal, Nikhil Tandon<br/>7. Disorders of Parathyroid Glands 597<br/>Ambrish Mithal, Beena Bansal, Aditya Dutta<br/>8. Disorders of Adrenal Glands 602<br/>Eesh Bhatia, Vijayalakshmi Bhatia<br/>9. Disorders of Puberty 613<br/>Gayatri Ghanekar, Manoj Chadha<br/>Contents<br/>li<br/>SECTION 7: DIABETOLOGY<br/>Section Editor: Vijay Viswanathan<br/>1. Basic Consideration in Diabetes Mellitus 621<br/>Ranjit Unnikrishnan, V Mohan<br/>2. Pathophysiology of Diabetes and its Subtypes 624<br/>Pradip Mukhopadhyay, Sujoy Ghosh<br/>3. Lifestyle Management in Diabetes 630<br/>Yash Pal Munjal, Anupam Prakash<br/>4. Oral Antidiabetic Drugs, Incretin-based Treatment and SGLT-2 Inhibitors 635<br/>Ravi Kant, Aditya Sudan, Arnav Kalra<br/>5. Insulin 642<br/>Late Siddharth N Shah, Vijay Viswanathan, VP Sriram<br/>6. In-hospital Management of Diabetes Mellitus 647<br/>Shashank R Joshi, Jimit Vadgama<br/>7. Acute Complications of Diabetes Mellitus (Hypoglycemia, DKA, HHS,<br/>and Lactic Acidosis) 656<br/>Samar Banerjee<br/>8. Microvascular Complications of Diabetes Mellitus 669<br/>Arvind Gupta, Rajeev Gupta<br/>9. Diabetic Foot with Indian Perspectives 675<br/>Sharad Pendsey, Sanket Pendsey<br/>10. Diabetes and Pregnancy 681<br/>Veeraswamy Seshiah, Vijayam Balaji<br/>11. Macrovascular Complications of Diabetes Mellitus 685<br/>Rajesh Rajput<br/>12. Use of Technologies in Diabetes 689<br/>Jothydev Kesavadev, Sreelakshmi R<br/>13. Primary Prevention of Diabetes Mellitus 695<br/>Vijay Viswanathan, Satyavani Kumpatla<br/>SECTION 8: HEMATOLOGY<br/>Section Editor: Alok Srivastava<br/>1. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Maintenance and Differentiation (Different Stages of Differentiation) 701<br/>RV Shaji, Udayakumar DS, Renu Saxena<br/>2. Approach to Anemia and Polycythemia 707<br/>Manoranjan Mahapatra, Deepak K Mishra<br/>3. Approach to Bleeding and Thrombosis 717<br/>Shashikant Apte, Sukesh C Nair<br/>4. Approach to Disorders of Leukocytosis and Leukopenia 724<br/>Rabindra Kumar Jena, Neelam Varma<br/>5. Nutritional Anemia 732<br/>Tuphan K Dolai, Prakash S Shekhawat<br/>Contents lii<br/>6. Hereditary Hemolytic Anemias 739<br/>Reena Das, Tulika Seth<br/>7. Acquired Hemolytic Anemia 749<br/>Farah Jijina<br/>8. Aplastic Anemia 756<br/>Gaurav Prakash, Biju George<br/>9. Myelodysplastic Syndrome 761<br/>Sharat Damodar, Ashish Dixit<br/>10. Acute Myeloid Leukemia 767<br/>Manju Sengar, Vikram Mathews<br/>11. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and Other MPNs 774<br/>M Joseph John, Dharma Choudhary<br/>12. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia 781<br/>Smita Kayal, Navin Khattry<br/>13. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia 791<br/>Dinesh Bhurani, Suman K Pramanik<br/>14. Lymphoma and Other Lymphoid Neoplasms 796<br/>Anu Korula, Reena Nair<br/>15. Plasma Cell Disorders 808<br/>Anup J Devasia, Pankaj Malhotra<br/>16. Platelet Disorders 816<br/>Chandrakala S, Fouzia NA<br/>17. Coagulation Disorders 823<br/>Aby Abraham, Neeraj Sidharthan<br/>18. Thrombotic Disorders 827<br/>Subhash Varma, Anupam Chakrapani<br/>19. Transfusion Medicine 832<br/>Hari Krishan Dhawan, Suchet Sachdev, Ratti Ram Sharma<br/>20. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation 839<br/>Mammen Chandy, Alok Srivastava<br/>SECTION 9: NEPHROLOGY<br/>Section Editor: Vivekanand Jha<br/>1. Kidney: Structure, Function and Basic Renal Pathology 849<br/>Sandeep Mahajan, Yasir Rizvi<br/>2. Kidney Disease: A Clinical Approach 856<br/>Pranaw Kumar Jha, Vijay Kher<br/>3. Acute Kidney Injury 865<br/>Vivekanand Jha<br/>4. Chronic Kidney Disease 875<br/>Hardik Shah, Ashok L Kirpalani<br/>Contents<br/>liii<br/>5. Primary Glomerular Diseases 886<br/>Vinay Sakhuja, Raja Ramachandran<br/>6. Secondary Glomerular Diseases 896<br/>OP Kalra, Deepak Jain<br/>7. Infections of the Kidney and Urinary Tract 908<br/>Valentine Lobo<br/>8. Vascular Injury to Kidney 920<br/>Mastakim Ahmed Mazumder, Lt Gen Ajit Singh Narula<br/>9. Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis 926<br/>Manisha Sahay<br/>10. Cardiorenal Syndrome 933<br/>Viswanath Billa, Deepa Usulumarty<br/>11. Inherited Kidney Diseases (Including Polycystic Kidney Disease) 938<br/>Richard Fernandes Almeida, Alan Almeida<br/>12. Dialysis and Other Extracorporeal Therapies 952<br/>NK Hase<br/>13. Renal Transplantation 965<br/>N Gopalakrishnan, T Dineshkumar<br/>SECTION 10: ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE<br/>Section Editor: Lt Gen Velu Nair<br/>1. Basic Considerations of Environmental and Occupational Diseases 975<br/>Lt Gen Velu Nair<br/>2. Climate Change: Health and Disease 981<br/>Lt Gen UK Sharma<br/>3. Air Pollution and Smoke-related Hazards 987<br/>Maj Gen Vasu Vardhan, Lt Col Puneet Saxena<br/>4. Drowning (Submersion Injury) 994<br/>Surg Cdr Chaitanya Kodange, Col Mudera P Cariappa<br/>5. High-altitude Medicine 999<br/>Col Yanamandra Uday<br/>6. Aerospace Medicine 1011<br/>Air Vice Marshal Deepak Gaur, Air Commodore Vipin Sharma<br/>7. Heat-related Illness 1017<br/>Vattaparambil Sabid Syed<br/>8. Electric Shock and Lightning Injury 1026<br/>Col Mudera P Cariappa, Parul S Cariappa<br/>9. Radiation Hazards 1032<br/>Brigadier DN Karan<br/>Contents liv<br/> |