Kamath Sandhya A
API Textbook of Medicine Vol.1 - 12 - New Delhi Jaypee brothers 2022 - 1038
Section 1A: General Considerations and Bacterial Infections
Section Editor: Rajeev Soman
PART 1: General Considerations
1. General Considerations of Infections: Basic Concepts of Infections 3
MVS Subbalaxmi, P Umabala
2. Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases 7
Anand Shah, Camilla Rodrigues
3. Syndromic Approach to Infectious Diseases 15
Jatin Ahuja
PART 2: Antimicrobial Therapy
4. Antibiotic Resistance and Antimicrobial Stewardship 21
Abdul Ghafur
5. Infection in the Immunocompromised Host 23
Niveditha Niranjan, Subramanian Swaminathan
6. Diagnosis and Treatment of Hospital-acquired Infections 29
Malathi Murugesan, Anupa Thampy, Priscilla Rupali
7. Prevention of Healthcare-associated Infections 39
Yamunadevi R, V Ramasubramanian
8. Hospital Infection Control 46
Rohini Kelkar
PART 3: Bacterial Infections
Part 3.1: Gram-positive Infections
9. Staphylococcal Infections 49
Ram Gopalakrishnan
10. Streptococcal Infections 52
Surabhi Madan
11. Pneumococcal Infections 55
Preeti M Pillai
12. Enterococcal Infections 60
Kanishka Davda
13. Diphtheria 64
Sandeep B Bavdekar
Contents xlvi
14. Clostridial Infections 68
Vidya Devarajan, Sowmya Sridharan
Part 3.2: Gram-negative Infections
15. Meningococcal Infections 75
Neha Gupta, Ashish Joshi
16. Gonococcal Infections 80
Uday S Khopkar, Prachi V Gole
17. Typhoid (Enteric Fever) 84
George K Varghese
18. Bacillary Dysentery 88
Tanu Singhal
19. Cholera 92
Prasanta Kumar Bhattacharya, Md Jamil
20. Enterobacteriaceae 96
Nitin Shinde
21. Haemophilus influenzae Infections 100
Vidyullata A Koparkar
22. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections 103
Anup R Warrier
23. Acinetobacter 106
Vasant Nagvekar, Shalmali Inamdar
PART 4: Miscellaneous Bacterial Infection
24. Syphilis 110
HR Jerajani
25. Leptospirosis 115
Bharat Purandare
26. Other Spirochaetal Infections: Lyme Disease and Rat Bite Fever 120
Pratik Savaj, Frenil Munim
27. Brucellosis 123
Pratibha Phadke
28. Actinomycosis 126
Smrati Bajpai Tiwari
PART 5: Mycobacterial Infections
29. Laboratory Diagnosis of Tuberculosis 128
Swapna Kanade, Gita Nataraj
30. Treatment of Drug-susceptible Tuberculosis 132
Sujeet Rajan, Iram Syed
31. Treatment of Drug-resistant Tuberculosis 137
Pralhad Prabhudesai, Tasneem S Bohra
32. Leprosy 141
Usha Naraindas Khemani, Avinash A Sajgane
Contents
xlvii
PART 6: Rickettsial, Chlamydial and Mycoplasma Infections
33. Rickettsial Infections 153
Sanjay K Mahajan
Section 1B: Parasitic and Fungal Infections
Section Editor: Shyam Sunder
PART 1: Protozoal Diseases
1. Malaria 160
Kavitha Saravu
2. Amebiasis and Giardiasis 170
Jyotirmoy Pal, Uddalak Chakraborty
3. Leishmaniasis 178
Shyam Sundar
4. Toxoplasmosis 183
Madhukar Rai
5. Cryptosporidiosis, Trichomoniasis, Balantidiasis and Cystoisospora 187
Atul Bhasin, Rajinder Kr Singal
PART 2: Helminthic Diseases
6. Ankylostomiasis, Ascariasis and Other Nematodal Infections 190
Narender Pal Jain, Sandeep Chhabra
7. Tapeworm and Hydatid Diseases 202
Jyoti Jain
8. Lymphatic Filariasis and Related Diseases 209
Suma Krishnasastry
PART 3: Fungal Infections
9. Systemic Fungal Infections 216
Atul Prabhakar Kulkarni, Suhail Sarwar Siddiqui
10. Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia 224
V Ramasubramanian, R Madhumitha
Section 1C: Viral Infections
Section Editor: Dilip Mathai
1. Basic Considerations of Viral Diseases 229
Dilip Mathai, Sara Chandy
2. Herpes Virus Infections (Simplex and Zoster) 236
Aditya Prakash Misra
3. Influenza and Other Common Viral Respiratory Infections
(Parainfluenza, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, and Rhinovirus) 241
Swati Rajagopal
4. Viral Gastroenteritis 249
Preeti Shanbag
Contents xlviii
5. Rabies 252
Tarun Kumar Dutta, Siddharth P
6. Arboviral Infections 260
K Ravi, Vallish Shenoy
7. Dengue 271
GD Ravindran
8. Chikungunya 283
Mohini Ganu, Ashok S Ganu
9. Japanese Encephalitis 288
Wadia Pettarusp Murzban, Irani Azad Marazban
SECTION 2: HIV MEDICINE
Section Editor: Alaka Deshpande
1. Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS 295
Naval Chandra
2. HIV Virology, Immunology, and Laboratory Diagnosis 298
Gurleen Mehta, Sunil K Arora
3. Pathophysiology and Clinical Features of HIV/AIDS 303
Ameet Dravid
4. HIV and Systemic Involvement: Central Nervous System 308
Nitin Gupta
5. HIV and Systemic Involvement: Cardiovascular System 311
Amar R Pazare
6. HIV and Systemic Involvement: Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Systems 313
Subhasish Kamal Guha, Soumendra Nath Haldar
7. HIV and Systemic Involvement: Hematology 316
Irom Anil Singh, RK Banashree Devi
8. HIV and Systemic Involvement: Kidney 319
Dilip A Kirpalani, Hardik Shah
9. HIV and Systemic Involvement: Dermatological Manifestations 321
Swagata Arvind Tambe, Dattatray G Saple
10. HIV and Systemic Involvement: Endocrinology and Metabolism 326
Rupal N Padhiyar
11. HIV and Malignancy 328
Alaka Deshpande
12. Antiretroviral Therapy 334
BB Rewari, Priyanka Ojha
13. Antiretroviral Drug Toxicities and Drug Interactions 341
Atul K Patel, Ketan K Patel
14. Antiretroviral Therapy Resistance 348
Alaka Deshpande
15. Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in HIV 353
Sajith Kumar R
Contents
xlix
16. Quest for HIV Cure 355
Ramesh S Paranjape
17. HIV and Pregnancy 358
Seema Mehta, Noopur Prasad
18. HIV-2 362
Sanjay Pujari, Sunil Gaikwad
SECTION 3: RHEUMATOLOGY
Section Editor: Rohini Handa
1. Basic Considerations 367
Rohini Handa
2. Soft Tissue Rheumatism and Regional Rheumatic Pain Syndromes 372
Lt Gen Ved Chaturvedi
3. Low Back Pain 378
Ghan Shyam Pangtey, Gaurav Seth
4. Osteoarthritis 386
Nilesh Nolkha, Meha Sharma
5. Gout and Other Crystal Arthritides 394
Ramakrishna Rao Uppuluri, Shiva Shankar Challa
6. Rheumatoid Arthritis 403
Subramanian Shankar, Prashant Jambunathan
7. Spondyloarthritides 415
Milind Y Nadkar
8. Sjögren’s Syndrome 425
Uma Kumar, Sauvik Dasgupta
9. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 429
Vikram Londhey
10. Antiphospholipid Syndrome 434
Vikas Agarwal, Durga Prasanna Misra
11. Inflammatory Muscle Diseases 439
Shounak Ghosh, Alakendu Ghosh
12. Systemic Sclerosis 446
Shefali K Sharma, Siddharth Jain
13. The Vasculitides 451
Aman Sharma
14. Mixed Connective Tissue Disease and Overlap Syndromes 462
G Narsimulu, I Rajendra Vara Prasad
15. Emergencies in Rheumatology 466
Madhumita P Das
16. Tropical Rheumatic Diseases 472
Manesh Manoj, Rasmi Ranjan Sahoo, Anupam Wakhlu
17. Biologics and Biosimilars in Rheumatology 480
Chengappa Kavadichanda, Vir Singh Negi
Contents l
SECTION 4: METABOLISM
Section Editor: Subhankar Chowdhury
1. Disorders of Lipid and Lipoprotein Metabolism 491
SK Wangnoo
2. Disorders of Adipose Tissue and Obesity 501
Soumitra Ghosh
3. Disorders of Iron Metabolism and Iron Overload Syndromes 506
Sudhir Mehta, Laxmi Kant Goyal, Shaurya Mehta
4. The Porphyrias 518
Dhanpat Kumar Kochar, Abhishek Kochar
5. Wilson’s Disease 525
Sanjib Sinha, DV Seshagiri
SECTION 5: BONE DISORDERS
Section Editor: CV Harinarayan
1. Rickets and Osteomalacia 535
Varun Suryadevara, Sadishkumar Kamalanathan
2. Osteoporosis 540
Sambit Das, Nitin Kapoor
SECTION 6: ENDOCRINOLOGY
Section Editor: Sanjay Kalra
1. Basic Considerations of Endocrinology 547
Sanjay Kalra
2. Endocrine Disorders: A Clinical Approach 550
Sahana Shetty
3. Disorders of Hypothalamus and Pineal Gland 558
Moomin Hussain Bhat, Bashir Ahmad Laway
4. Disorders of Anterior Pituitary 564
Saptarshi Bhattacharya
5. Disorders of Posterior Pituitary 577
GR Sridhar
6. Disorders of Thyroid Gland 580
Alpesh Goyal, Nikhil Tandon
7. Disorders of Parathyroid Glands 597
Ambrish Mithal, Beena Bansal, Aditya Dutta
8. Disorders of Adrenal Glands 602
Eesh Bhatia, Vijayalakshmi Bhatia
9. Disorders of Puberty 613
Gayatri Ghanekar, Manoj Chadha
Contents
li
SECTION 7: DIABETOLOGY
Section Editor: Vijay Viswanathan
1. Basic Consideration in Diabetes Mellitus 621
Ranjit Unnikrishnan, V Mohan
2. Pathophysiology of Diabetes and its Subtypes 624
Pradip Mukhopadhyay, Sujoy Ghosh
3. Lifestyle Management in Diabetes 630
Yash Pal Munjal, Anupam Prakash
4. Oral Antidiabetic Drugs, Incretin-based Treatment and SGLT-2 Inhibitors 635
Ravi Kant, Aditya Sudan, Arnav Kalra
5. Insulin 642
Late Siddharth N Shah, Vijay Viswanathan, VP Sriram
6. In-hospital Management of Diabetes Mellitus 647
Shashank R Joshi, Jimit Vadgama
7. Acute Complications of Diabetes Mellitus (Hypoglycemia, DKA, HHS,
and Lactic Acidosis) 656
Samar Banerjee
8. Microvascular Complications of Diabetes Mellitus 669
Arvind Gupta, Rajeev Gupta
9. Diabetic Foot with Indian Perspectives 675
Sharad Pendsey, Sanket Pendsey
10. Diabetes and Pregnancy 681
Veeraswamy Seshiah, Vijayam Balaji
11. Macrovascular Complications of Diabetes Mellitus 685
Rajesh Rajput
12. Use of Technologies in Diabetes 689
Jothydev Kesavadev, Sreelakshmi R
13. Primary Prevention of Diabetes Mellitus 695
Vijay Viswanathan, Satyavani Kumpatla
SECTION 8: HEMATOLOGY
Section Editor: Alok Srivastava
1. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Maintenance and Differentiation (Different Stages of Differentiation) 701
RV Shaji, Udayakumar DS, Renu Saxena
2. Approach to Anemia and Polycythemia 707
Manoranjan Mahapatra, Deepak K Mishra
3. Approach to Bleeding and Thrombosis 717
Shashikant Apte, Sukesh C Nair
4. Approach to Disorders of Leukocytosis and Leukopenia 724
Rabindra Kumar Jena, Neelam Varma
5. Nutritional Anemia 732
Tuphan K Dolai, Prakash S Shekhawat
Contents lii
6. Hereditary Hemolytic Anemias 739
Reena Das, Tulika Seth
7. Acquired Hemolytic Anemia 749
Farah Jijina
8. Aplastic Anemia 756
Gaurav Prakash, Biju George
9. Myelodysplastic Syndrome 761
Sharat Damodar, Ashish Dixit
10. Acute Myeloid Leukemia 767
Manju Sengar, Vikram Mathews
11. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and Other MPNs 774
M Joseph John, Dharma Choudhary
12. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia 781
Smita Kayal, Navin Khattry
13. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia 791
Dinesh Bhurani, Suman K Pramanik
14. Lymphoma and Other Lymphoid Neoplasms 796
Anu Korula, Reena Nair
15. Plasma Cell Disorders 808
Anup J Devasia, Pankaj Malhotra
16. Platelet Disorders 816
Chandrakala S, Fouzia NA
17. Coagulation Disorders 823
Aby Abraham, Neeraj Sidharthan
18. Thrombotic Disorders 827
Subhash Varma, Anupam Chakrapani
19. Transfusion Medicine 832
Hari Krishan Dhawan, Suchet Sachdev, Ratti Ram Sharma
20. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation 839
Mammen Chandy, Alok Srivastava
SECTION 9: NEPHROLOGY
Section Editor: Vivekanand Jha
1. Kidney: Structure, Function and Basic Renal Pathology 849
Sandeep Mahajan, Yasir Rizvi
2. Kidney Disease: A Clinical Approach 856
Pranaw Kumar Jha, Vijay Kher
3. Acute Kidney Injury 865
Vivekanand Jha
4. Chronic Kidney Disease 875
Hardik Shah, Ashok L Kirpalani
Contents
liii
5. Primary Glomerular Diseases 886
Vinay Sakhuja, Raja Ramachandran
6. Secondary Glomerular Diseases 896
OP Kalra, Deepak Jain
7. Infections of the Kidney and Urinary Tract 908
Valentine Lobo
8. Vascular Injury to Kidney 920
Mastakim Ahmed Mazumder, Lt Gen Ajit Singh Narula
9. Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis 926
Manisha Sahay
10. Cardiorenal Syndrome 933
Viswanath Billa, Deepa Usulumarty
11. Inherited Kidney Diseases (Including Polycystic Kidney Disease) 938
Richard Fernandes Almeida, Alan Almeida
12. Dialysis and Other Extracorporeal Therapies 952
NK Hase
13. Renal Transplantation 965
N Gopalakrishnan, T Dineshkumar
SECTION 10: ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE
Section Editor: Lt Gen Velu Nair
1. Basic Considerations of Environmental and Occupational Diseases 975
Lt Gen Velu Nair
2. Climate Change: Health and Disease 981
Lt Gen UK Sharma
3. Air Pollution and Smoke-related Hazards 987
Maj Gen Vasu Vardhan, Lt Col Puneet Saxena
4. Drowning (Submersion Injury) 994
Surg Cdr Chaitanya Kodange, Col Mudera P Cariappa
5. High-altitude Medicine 999
Col Yanamandra Uday
6. Aerospace Medicine 1011
Air Vice Marshal Deepak Gaur, Air Commodore Vipin Sharma
7. Heat-related Illness 1017
Vattaparambil Sabid Syed
8. Electric Shock and Lightning Injury 1026
Col Mudera P Cariappa, Parul S Cariappa
9. Radiation Hazards 1032
Brigadier DN Karan
Contents liv
9789354656361
General Medicine
616 KAM-A12.1
API Textbook of Medicine Vol.1 - 12 - New Delhi Jaypee brothers 2022 - 1038
Section 1A: General Considerations and Bacterial Infections
Section Editor: Rajeev Soman
PART 1: General Considerations
1. General Considerations of Infections: Basic Concepts of Infections 3
MVS Subbalaxmi, P Umabala
2. Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases 7
Anand Shah, Camilla Rodrigues
3. Syndromic Approach to Infectious Diseases 15
Jatin Ahuja
PART 2: Antimicrobial Therapy
4. Antibiotic Resistance and Antimicrobial Stewardship 21
Abdul Ghafur
5. Infection in the Immunocompromised Host 23
Niveditha Niranjan, Subramanian Swaminathan
6. Diagnosis and Treatment of Hospital-acquired Infections 29
Malathi Murugesan, Anupa Thampy, Priscilla Rupali
7. Prevention of Healthcare-associated Infections 39
Yamunadevi R, V Ramasubramanian
8. Hospital Infection Control 46
Rohini Kelkar
PART 3: Bacterial Infections
Part 3.1: Gram-positive Infections
9. Staphylococcal Infections 49
Ram Gopalakrishnan
10. Streptococcal Infections 52
Surabhi Madan
11. Pneumococcal Infections 55
Preeti M Pillai
12. Enterococcal Infections 60
Kanishka Davda
13. Diphtheria 64
Sandeep B Bavdekar
Contents xlvi
14. Clostridial Infections 68
Vidya Devarajan, Sowmya Sridharan
Part 3.2: Gram-negative Infections
15. Meningococcal Infections 75
Neha Gupta, Ashish Joshi
16. Gonococcal Infections 80
Uday S Khopkar, Prachi V Gole
17. Typhoid (Enteric Fever) 84
George K Varghese
18. Bacillary Dysentery 88
Tanu Singhal
19. Cholera 92
Prasanta Kumar Bhattacharya, Md Jamil
20. Enterobacteriaceae 96
Nitin Shinde
21. Haemophilus influenzae Infections 100
Vidyullata A Koparkar
22. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections 103
Anup R Warrier
23. Acinetobacter 106
Vasant Nagvekar, Shalmali Inamdar
PART 4: Miscellaneous Bacterial Infection
24. Syphilis 110
HR Jerajani
25. Leptospirosis 115
Bharat Purandare
26. Other Spirochaetal Infections: Lyme Disease and Rat Bite Fever 120
Pratik Savaj, Frenil Munim
27. Brucellosis 123
Pratibha Phadke
28. Actinomycosis 126
Smrati Bajpai Tiwari
PART 5: Mycobacterial Infections
29. Laboratory Diagnosis of Tuberculosis 128
Swapna Kanade, Gita Nataraj
30. Treatment of Drug-susceptible Tuberculosis 132
Sujeet Rajan, Iram Syed
31. Treatment of Drug-resistant Tuberculosis 137
Pralhad Prabhudesai, Tasneem S Bohra
32. Leprosy 141
Usha Naraindas Khemani, Avinash A Sajgane
Contents
xlvii
PART 6: Rickettsial, Chlamydial and Mycoplasma Infections
33. Rickettsial Infections 153
Sanjay K Mahajan
Section 1B: Parasitic and Fungal Infections
Section Editor: Shyam Sunder
PART 1: Protozoal Diseases
1. Malaria 160
Kavitha Saravu
2. Amebiasis and Giardiasis 170
Jyotirmoy Pal, Uddalak Chakraborty
3. Leishmaniasis 178
Shyam Sundar
4. Toxoplasmosis 183
Madhukar Rai
5. Cryptosporidiosis, Trichomoniasis, Balantidiasis and Cystoisospora 187
Atul Bhasin, Rajinder Kr Singal
PART 2: Helminthic Diseases
6. Ankylostomiasis, Ascariasis and Other Nematodal Infections 190
Narender Pal Jain, Sandeep Chhabra
7. Tapeworm and Hydatid Diseases 202
Jyoti Jain
8. Lymphatic Filariasis and Related Diseases 209
Suma Krishnasastry
PART 3: Fungal Infections
9. Systemic Fungal Infections 216
Atul Prabhakar Kulkarni, Suhail Sarwar Siddiqui
10. Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia 224
V Ramasubramanian, R Madhumitha
Section 1C: Viral Infections
Section Editor: Dilip Mathai
1. Basic Considerations of Viral Diseases 229
Dilip Mathai, Sara Chandy
2. Herpes Virus Infections (Simplex and Zoster) 236
Aditya Prakash Misra
3. Influenza and Other Common Viral Respiratory Infections
(Parainfluenza, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, and Rhinovirus) 241
Swati Rajagopal
4. Viral Gastroenteritis 249
Preeti Shanbag
Contents xlviii
5. Rabies 252
Tarun Kumar Dutta, Siddharth P
6. Arboviral Infections 260
K Ravi, Vallish Shenoy
7. Dengue 271
GD Ravindran
8. Chikungunya 283
Mohini Ganu, Ashok S Ganu
9. Japanese Encephalitis 288
Wadia Pettarusp Murzban, Irani Azad Marazban
SECTION 2: HIV MEDICINE
Section Editor: Alaka Deshpande
1. Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS 295
Naval Chandra
2. HIV Virology, Immunology, and Laboratory Diagnosis 298
Gurleen Mehta, Sunil K Arora
3. Pathophysiology and Clinical Features of HIV/AIDS 303
Ameet Dravid
4. HIV and Systemic Involvement: Central Nervous System 308
Nitin Gupta
5. HIV and Systemic Involvement: Cardiovascular System 311
Amar R Pazare
6. HIV and Systemic Involvement: Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Systems 313
Subhasish Kamal Guha, Soumendra Nath Haldar
7. HIV and Systemic Involvement: Hematology 316
Irom Anil Singh, RK Banashree Devi
8. HIV and Systemic Involvement: Kidney 319
Dilip A Kirpalani, Hardik Shah
9. HIV and Systemic Involvement: Dermatological Manifestations 321
Swagata Arvind Tambe, Dattatray G Saple
10. HIV and Systemic Involvement: Endocrinology and Metabolism 326
Rupal N Padhiyar
11. HIV and Malignancy 328
Alaka Deshpande
12. Antiretroviral Therapy 334
BB Rewari, Priyanka Ojha
13. Antiretroviral Drug Toxicities and Drug Interactions 341
Atul K Patel, Ketan K Patel
14. Antiretroviral Therapy Resistance 348
Alaka Deshpande
15. Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in HIV 353
Sajith Kumar R
Contents
xlix
16. Quest for HIV Cure 355
Ramesh S Paranjape
17. HIV and Pregnancy 358
Seema Mehta, Noopur Prasad
18. HIV-2 362
Sanjay Pujari, Sunil Gaikwad
SECTION 3: RHEUMATOLOGY
Section Editor: Rohini Handa
1. Basic Considerations 367
Rohini Handa
2. Soft Tissue Rheumatism and Regional Rheumatic Pain Syndromes 372
Lt Gen Ved Chaturvedi
3. Low Back Pain 378
Ghan Shyam Pangtey, Gaurav Seth
4. Osteoarthritis 386
Nilesh Nolkha, Meha Sharma
5. Gout and Other Crystal Arthritides 394
Ramakrishna Rao Uppuluri, Shiva Shankar Challa
6. Rheumatoid Arthritis 403
Subramanian Shankar, Prashant Jambunathan
7. Spondyloarthritides 415
Milind Y Nadkar
8. Sjögren’s Syndrome 425
Uma Kumar, Sauvik Dasgupta
9. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 429
Vikram Londhey
10. Antiphospholipid Syndrome 434
Vikas Agarwal, Durga Prasanna Misra
11. Inflammatory Muscle Diseases 439
Shounak Ghosh, Alakendu Ghosh
12. Systemic Sclerosis 446
Shefali K Sharma, Siddharth Jain
13. The Vasculitides 451
Aman Sharma
14. Mixed Connective Tissue Disease and Overlap Syndromes 462
G Narsimulu, I Rajendra Vara Prasad
15. Emergencies in Rheumatology 466
Madhumita P Das
16. Tropical Rheumatic Diseases 472
Manesh Manoj, Rasmi Ranjan Sahoo, Anupam Wakhlu
17. Biologics and Biosimilars in Rheumatology 480
Chengappa Kavadichanda, Vir Singh Negi
Contents l
SECTION 4: METABOLISM
Section Editor: Subhankar Chowdhury
1. Disorders of Lipid and Lipoprotein Metabolism 491
SK Wangnoo
2. Disorders of Adipose Tissue and Obesity 501
Soumitra Ghosh
3. Disorders of Iron Metabolism and Iron Overload Syndromes 506
Sudhir Mehta, Laxmi Kant Goyal, Shaurya Mehta
4. The Porphyrias 518
Dhanpat Kumar Kochar, Abhishek Kochar
5. Wilson’s Disease 525
Sanjib Sinha, DV Seshagiri
SECTION 5: BONE DISORDERS
Section Editor: CV Harinarayan
1. Rickets and Osteomalacia 535
Varun Suryadevara, Sadishkumar Kamalanathan
2. Osteoporosis 540
Sambit Das, Nitin Kapoor
SECTION 6: ENDOCRINOLOGY
Section Editor: Sanjay Kalra
1. Basic Considerations of Endocrinology 547
Sanjay Kalra
2. Endocrine Disorders: A Clinical Approach 550
Sahana Shetty
3. Disorders of Hypothalamus and Pineal Gland 558
Moomin Hussain Bhat, Bashir Ahmad Laway
4. Disorders of Anterior Pituitary 564
Saptarshi Bhattacharya
5. Disorders of Posterior Pituitary 577
GR Sridhar
6. Disorders of Thyroid Gland 580
Alpesh Goyal, Nikhil Tandon
7. Disorders of Parathyroid Glands 597
Ambrish Mithal, Beena Bansal, Aditya Dutta
8. Disorders of Adrenal Glands 602
Eesh Bhatia, Vijayalakshmi Bhatia
9. Disorders of Puberty 613
Gayatri Ghanekar, Manoj Chadha
Contents
li
SECTION 7: DIABETOLOGY
Section Editor: Vijay Viswanathan
1. Basic Consideration in Diabetes Mellitus 621
Ranjit Unnikrishnan, V Mohan
2. Pathophysiology of Diabetes and its Subtypes 624
Pradip Mukhopadhyay, Sujoy Ghosh
3. Lifestyle Management in Diabetes 630
Yash Pal Munjal, Anupam Prakash
4. Oral Antidiabetic Drugs, Incretin-based Treatment and SGLT-2 Inhibitors 635
Ravi Kant, Aditya Sudan, Arnav Kalra
5. Insulin 642
Late Siddharth N Shah, Vijay Viswanathan, VP Sriram
6. In-hospital Management of Diabetes Mellitus 647
Shashank R Joshi, Jimit Vadgama
7. Acute Complications of Diabetes Mellitus (Hypoglycemia, DKA, HHS,
and Lactic Acidosis) 656
Samar Banerjee
8. Microvascular Complications of Diabetes Mellitus 669
Arvind Gupta, Rajeev Gupta
9. Diabetic Foot with Indian Perspectives 675
Sharad Pendsey, Sanket Pendsey
10. Diabetes and Pregnancy 681
Veeraswamy Seshiah, Vijayam Balaji
11. Macrovascular Complications of Diabetes Mellitus 685
Rajesh Rajput
12. Use of Technologies in Diabetes 689
Jothydev Kesavadev, Sreelakshmi R
13. Primary Prevention of Diabetes Mellitus 695
Vijay Viswanathan, Satyavani Kumpatla
SECTION 8: HEMATOLOGY
Section Editor: Alok Srivastava
1. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Maintenance and Differentiation (Different Stages of Differentiation) 701
RV Shaji, Udayakumar DS, Renu Saxena
2. Approach to Anemia and Polycythemia 707
Manoranjan Mahapatra, Deepak K Mishra
3. Approach to Bleeding and Thrombosis 717
Shashikant Apte, Sukesh C Nair
4. Approach to Disorders of Leukocytosis and Leukopenia 724
Rabindra Kumar Jena, Neelam Varma
5. Nutritional Anemia 732
Tuphan K Dolai, Prakash S Shekhawat
Contents lii
6. Hereditary Hemolytic Anemias 739
Reena Das, Tulika Seth
7. Acquired Hemolytic Anemia 749
Farah Jijina
8. Aplastic Anemia 756
Gaurav Prakash, Biju George
9. Myelodysplastic Syndrome 761
Sharat Damodar, Ashish Dixit
10. Acute Myeloid Leukemia 767
Manju Sengar, Vikram Mathews
11. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and Other MPNs 774
M Joseph John, Dharma Choudhary
12. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia 781
Smita Kayal, Navin Khattry
13. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia 791
Dinesh Bhurani, Suman K Pramanik
14. Lymphoma and Other Lymphoid Neoplasms 796
Anu Korula, Reena Nair
15. Plasma Cell Disorders 808
Anup J Devasia, Pankaj Malhotra
16. Platelet Disorders 816
Chandrakala S, Fouzia NA
17. Coagulation Disorders 823
Aby Abraham, Neeraj Sidharthan
18. Thrombotic Disorders 827
Subhash Varma, Anupam Chakrapani
19. Transfusion Medicine 832
Hari Krishan Dhawan, Suchet Sachdev, Ratti Ram Sharma
20. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation 839
Mammen Chandy, Alok Srivastava
SECTION 9: NEPHROLOGY
Section Editor: Vivekanand Jha
1. Kidney: Structure, Function and Basic Renal Pathology 849
Sandeep Mahajan, Yasir Rizvi
2. Kidney Disease: A Clinical Approach 856
Pranaw Kumar Jha, Vijay Kher
3. Acute Kidney Injury 865
Vivekanand Jha
4. Chronic Kidney Disease 875
Hardik Shah, Ashok L Kirpalani
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5. Primary Glomerular Diseases 886
Vinay Sakhuja, Raja Ramachandran
6. Secondary Glomerular Diseases 896
OP Kalra, Deepak Jain
7. Infections of the Kidney and Urinary Tract 908
Valentine Lobo
8. Vascular Injury to Kidney 920
Mastakim Ahmed Mazumder, Lt Gen Ajit Singh Narula
9. Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis 926
Manisha Sahay
10. Cardiorenal Syndrome 933
Viswanath Billa, Deepa Usulumarty
11. Inherited Kidney Diseases (Including Polycystic Kidney Disease) 938
Richard Fernandes Almeida, Alan Almeida
12. Dialysis and Other Extracorporeal Therapies 952
NK Hase
13. Renal Transplantation 965
N Gopalakrishnan, T Dineshkumar
SECTION 10: ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE
Section Editor: Lt Gen Velu Nair
1. Basic Considerations of Environmental and Occupational Diseases 975
Lt Gen Velu Nair
2. Climate Change: Health and Disease 981
Lt Gen UK Sharma
3. Air Pollution and Smoke-related Hazards 987
Maj Gen Vasu Vardhan, Lt Col Puneet Saxena
4. Drowning (Submersion Injury) 994
Surg Cdr Chaitanya Kodange, Col Mudera P Cariappa
5. High-altitude Medicine 999
Col Yanamandra Uday
6. Aerospace Medicine 1011
Air Vice Marshal Deepak Gaur, Air Commodore Vipin Sharma
7. Heat-related Illness 1017
Vattaparambil Sabid Syed
8. Electric Shock and Lightning Injury 1026
Col Mudera P Cariappa, Parul S Cariappa
9. Radiation Hazards 1032
Brigadier DN Karan
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General Medicine
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