Mannis, Mark J.; Holland, Edward J.
Cornea : fundamentals, diagnosis and management vol.2 - 5 - Amsterdam Elsevier, 2022 - 1147-1804+index
SURGERY OF THE CORNEA AND CONJUNCTIVA
Keratoplasty
SECTION 1. Overview
109. The Evolution of Contemporary Keratoplasty
Early Contributions to Corneal Transplantation
Modern Techniques of Corneal Transplantation
The Evolution From Penetrating Keratoplasty Back to Lamellar Keratoplasty
Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty
Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty
Thin Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty Techniques
Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty
Use of the Femtosecond Laser
Ocular Surface Transplantation
Cell-Based Therapy for Endothelial Dysfunction
Conclusion
110. Preoperative Considerations and Decision-Making in Keratoplasty
General Considerations
Summary
SECTION 2. Penetrating Keratoplasty Procedures
111. Penetrating Keratoplasty: The Fundamentals
Introduction
Factors in Patient Selection
Establish Realistic Expectations
Surgical Setting and Anesthesia
Preoperative Preparations
Surgical Steps in Phakic Penetrating Keratoplasty
Surgical Tips on Wound Closure
Postoperative Suture Adjustment
Special Circumstances
112. Intraoperative Complications of Penetrating Keratoplasty
Complications Related to Anesthesia
Scleral Perforation with Fixation Sutures
Complications Related to Trephination
Complications Related to Damage to Intraocular Structures
Complications Related to Positive Vitreous Pressure
Complications Related to Bleeding in the Anterior Segment
Expulsive Suprachoroidal Hemorrhage
113. Femtosecond-Assisted Penetrating Keratoplasty
Introduction
Laboratory Research
Problems With Traditional Penetrating Keratoplasty
Laser Platforms
Preoperative Evaluation
Posterior Side Bridge
Trephination Geometry
Surgical Methodology
Early Outcomes
Femtosecond Laser-Enabled Keratoplasty Versus Conventional Penetrating Keratoplasty
Suture-Out Femtosecond Laser-Enabled Keratoplasty Data
Femtosecond-Assisted Lamellar Keratoplasty
SECTION 3. Penetrating Keratoplasty: Postoperative Management
114. Postoperative Management
Immediate Postoperative Care
Early Postoperative Care
Postoperative Care
Postoperative Care in Infants and Children
Early Postoperative Complications
Wound Leaks and Wound Displacement
Persistent Epithelial Defects
Filamentary Keratitis
Suture-Related Complications
Elevated Intraocular Pressure
Postoperative Inflammation
Anterior Synechia
Pupillary Block
Choroidal Detachment and Choroidal Hemorrhage
Hyphema
Fixed Dilated Pupil
Postoperative Infection
Primary Graft Failure
Epithelial Downgrowth
Fibrous Ingrowth
Differential Diagnosis
Management of PostKeratoplasty Astigmatism
Preoperative Factors
Intraoperative Factors
Postoperative Factors
Conclusion
115. Diagnosis and Management of Corneal Allograft Rejection
Clinical Aspects of Corneal Allograft Rejection
Historical Perspective
Recognition of Risk Factors
Clinical Features of Corneal Allograft Rejection
Differential Diagnosis of Corneal Allograft Rejection
Treatment of Corneal Allograft Rejection
Prevention of Corneal Allograft Rejection
Management Strategy
116. Infections After Penetrating Keratoplasty
Microbial Keratitis
Suture Abscess
Infectious Crystalline Keratopathy
Endophthalmitis
Recurrence of Host Infections After Penetrating Keratoplasty
Newly Acquired Herpetic Keratitis After Keratoplasty
Transmission of Unusual Infections
Conclusion
117. Glaucoma After Corneal Transplantation
Incidence
Risk Factors
The Prekeratoplasty Evaluation
Clinical Presentation
Glaucoma and Graft Failure
Summary
SECTION 4. Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty
118. Indications for Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty
Introduction
Lamellar Keratoplasty Techniques For Stromal Diseases
Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty Indications
119. Historical Development of Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty
120. Techniques of Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty
Introduction
Surgical Anatomy of the Corneal Stroma
Dalk Surgical Techniques
121. Intraoperative and Postoperative Complications of Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty
Indications for Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty
Surgical Instruments to Prevent Intraoperative Complications
Intraoperative Complications
Postoperative Complications
122. Recovery Techniques in Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty
Introduction
Standard Techniques And Learning Curves
Avoidance of Descemet Membrane Ruptures
Repair of Descemet Membrane Ruptures
123. Outcomes of Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty
Introduction
Visual Outcomes
Refractive Outcomes
Graft Survival
Suture Management and Other Postoperative Factors
Resistance to Trauma
Surgical Planning
Summary
SECTION 5. Complex Keratoplasty
124. Pediatric Keratoplasty
Introduction
An Approach to Treating Children with Corneal Opacities
Indications
Preoperative Evaluation
Management Options
Pediatric Keratoplasty
Scheduling Surgery
Operative Technique
Anesthesia
Penetrating Keratoplasty
Rotational Penetrating Autokeratoplasty
Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty
Endothelial Keratoplasty
Concomitant Procedures
Postoperative Evaluation
Early Postoperative Complications
Intermediate to Late Postoperative Complications
Optical Correction and Amblyopia Therapy
Graft Survival
Risk Factors for Failure
Visual Outcome
The Future
125. Keratoplasty in Herpes Simplex Infection
Indications and Timing for Corneal Grafting
Preoperative Measures
Operative Technique
Postoperative Management
126. Immunologically High-Risk Penetrating Keratoplasty and Large-Diameter Corneal Grafts
Introduction
Immunology of Graft Rejection
Risk Factors for Immune Rejection (BOX 126.1)
Clinical Management of Immunologically High-Risk Penetrating Keratoplasty
SECTION 6. Endothelial Keratoplasty
127. Historical Development of Endothelial Keratoplasty
Introduction
Early Posterior Lamellar Keratoplasty
The Flap Technique of Posterior Lamellar Keratoplasty
The Limbal Approach to Endothelial Replacement
Deep Lamellar Endothelial Keratoplasty
Descemet Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty
Advances in Eye Bank Tissue Preparation
Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty
Alternatives to Endothelial Transplantation: Descemet Stripping Only and Rho-Associated Kinase Inhibitors
128. Indications and Decision-Making for Endothelial Keratoplasty
Indications for Endothelial Keratoplasty
Advantages of Endothelial Keratoplasty
Types of Endothelial Keratoplasty Procedures
Patient Selection
Duration of Corneal Edema
Lens Considerations
Conclusion
129. Eye Bank Preparation of Tissue for Endothelial Keratoplasty
Introduction
Issues to Consider
Techniques
Summary
130. Surgical Techniques for Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty
Intraoperative Considerations
Techniques to Improve Donor Adherence
Donor Insertion Techniques
Donor Apposition Techniques
Early Postoperative Management
Special Considerations for Endothelial Keratoplasty
Summary
131. Ultrathin Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty
Introduction
Indications
Preoperative Planning
Surgical Technique
Postoperative Care
Results
Complications
Conclusion
132. Nanothin Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty
Introduction
Ultrathin Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty and its Outcomes
Nanothin Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty
Nanothin Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty Outcomes
Intraoperative Technique for Nanothin Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty (Fig. 132.2 and Video 132.1)
Advantages of Nanothin Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty
133. Intraoperative and Postoperative Complications of Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty
Complications of Donor Tissue Preparation
Intraoperative Complications
Postoperative Complications
134. Outcomes of Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty
Introduction
Results
Summary
135. Surgical Technique for Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty
Introduction
Injectors
Recipient Preparation
Wound Creation
Graft Orientation
Unscrolling and Centering
Graft Tamponade With Air or Sulfur Hexafluoride 20%
136. Intraoperative and Postoperative Complications of Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty
Introduction
Intraoperative Complications
Postoperative Complications
Conclusion
137. Outcomes of Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty
Introduction
Visual Function After Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty
Morphology After Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty
Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Outcomes: Preoperative Considerations
Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Outcomes: Perioperative Considerations
Postoperative Management and Complications
Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Outcomes: Comparison With Other Techniques of Posterior Lamellar Surgery
Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty in Special Situations
138. Complex Endothelial Keratoplasty
Introduction
Lens Abnormalities
Anterior Chamber Abnormalities
Iris Abnormalities
Previous Glaucoma Surgery
Previous Failed Graft
Summary
139. Cultivated Corneal Endothelial Cell Transplantation
Concept
Corneal Endothelial Cell Biology
Cultured Human Corneal Endothelial Cells-Sheet Transplantation
Cultured Human Corneal Endothelial Cells-Injection Therapy
Topical Treatment of Corneal Endothelial Disease
Therapeutic Procedures
SECTION 1. Corneal Surgery
140. Management of Corneal Perforations
Etiology
Terminology
Signs and Symptoms of Descemetocele and Perforation
Preoperative Management
Treatment Options
Prevention of Corneal Perforation
Conclusion
141. Therapeutic Keratoplasty
Therapeutic Keratoplasty for Infectious Keratitis
Tectonic Indications for Therapeutic Keratoplasty
Presurgical Evaluation
Antimicrobial Therapy
Donor Material
Surgical Technique
Postoperative Management of Therapeutic Keratoplasty
Visual Prognosis for Therapeutic Keratoplasty
142. Surgical Management of Superficial Corneal and Conjunctival Disease
Introduction
Superficial Corneal Diseases
Superficial Conjunctival Diseases
Conclusion
143. Excimer Laser Phototherapeutic Keratectomy
Introduction
Indications for Phototherapeutic Keratectomy
Contraindications
Preoperative Evaluation
Patient Selection
Techniques
Postoperative Management
Results
Side Effects and Complications
Future Directions
Summary
SECTION 2. Conjunctival Surgery
Management of Primary Pterygium
Introduction
Definition and Morphology
Epidemiology of Pterygium
Pathogenesis of Pterygium
Therapeutic Options for Pterygium
Complications of Conjunctival Autografting
Conclusion
145. Management of Recurrent Pterygium
Introduction
Aims and Definitions
Risk Factors for Pterygium Recurrence
Dry Eye Syndrome
Timing of Surgery
Surgical Technique
Previous Surgical Procedures
Other Considerations
Medial Rectus
Author’s Technique
Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Pterygium Surgery
Further Considerations
Conclusion
146. Conjunctival Flaps
Introduction
Indications
Lacrimal Punctal Occlusion
Disadvantages
Surgical Techniques
Complications
147. Indications for and Uses of Amniotic Membrane: Clinic
The Amniotic Membrane: Histology, Biologic Properties, and Clinical Effects
Preserving The Amniotic Membrane
Complications
148. Indications for and Uses of Amniotic Membrane: Operating Room
The Amniotic Membrane: Histology, Biologic Properties, and Clinical Effects
Preservation Methods of Amniotic Membrane: Tissue Bank
Techniques for Amniotic Membrane Implantation in The Operating Room (Video 148.1 )
Amniotic Membrane Transplantation in Ocular Surface Diseases1,2,5
Limitations of Amniotic Membrane Transplantation in Ocular Surface Diseases
Complications
SECTION 3. Anterior Segment Surgery
149. Surgical Management and Rehabilitation of Anterior Segment Trauma
Patient Evaluation
Management of Penetrating and Perforating Trauma
Postoperative Care
Suture Removal
Visual Rehabilitation
Conclusion
150. Iris Reconstruction Surgery
Iris Suture Techniques
Iridodialysis Repair
Iris Relaxing Incisions
Iris Oversewing of Transillumination Defects
Scissors Sculpting
Vitrector Sculpting
Iris Prostheses
Summary
151. Management of Scleral Perforation
General Management Strategies
Anesthesia for Scleral Perforations
Surgical Repair of Scleral Perforations
Summary
PART XI. Collagen Crosslinking
152. Collagen Crosslinking for Keratoconus
Introduction
Mechanism of Action
Indications
Contraindications
Surgical Procedure
Cellular and Ultrastructural Findings After Crosslinking
Biomechanical Changes
Complications
Clinical Outcomes
Future Directions
Conclusion
153. Collagen Crosslinking for Postrefractive Ectasia
Introduction
Pathophysiology
Clinical Outcomes
Topographic Outcomes
Postoperative Timecourse
Biomechanical Effects of Corneal Collagen Crosslinking
Complications
Postoperative Haze
Corneal Pachymetry
Predictors of Outcomes
Future of Corneal Collagen Crosslinking
Financial Disclosure
154. Collagen Crosslinking for Infectious Keratitis
Bacterial Susceptibility
Fungal Susceptibility
Acanthamoeba Susceptibility
PACK-Corneal Crosslinking
Conclusion
PART XII. Keratoprosthesis
155. Indications for Keratoprosthesis
Introduction
Keratoprosthesis Designs Currently in Wide Use
Other Keratoprosthesis Devices
Summary
156. Boston Keratoprosthesis Type 1 Surgical Technique
Preoperative Evaluation
Assembly and Surgical Procedure ( Video 156.1)
Postoperative Management
157. Postoperative Management of Boston Keratoprosthesis Type 1
Avoidance of Complications
Postoperative Patient Evaluation
Postoperative Treatment
Conclusion
158. Complications of Boston Keratoprosthesis Type 1
Retroprosthetic Membrane
Glaucoma
Endophthalmitis
Posterior Segment Complications
Infectious Keratitis
Keratolysis or Corneal Melt
Extrusion or Keratoprosthesis Loss
159. Outcomes of Boston Keratoprosthesis Type 1
Introduction
Visual Acuity and Prosthesis Retention
Postoperative Complications
Retroprosthetic Membranes
Glaucoma
Infectious Keratitis
Endophthalmitis
Sterile Vitritis
Retinal Detachment
Corneal Melt
Conclusion
160. Boston Keratoprosthesis Type 2 Surgical Techniques, Complications, and Outcomes
Background and Design
Surgical Planning
Surgical Technique
Postoperative Care
Outcomes and Complications
Conclusion
161. Osteo-Odonto-Keratoprosthesis
Introduction
Preoperative Assessment
Surgical Technique
Results and Complications
Conclusion
162. Contemporary Approaches to the Biosynthetic Cornea: Overview and Classification
Alphacor
Keraklear
Tissue Engineering
Cell Culture—Endothelial Cell Injection Therapy
Future Directions
Conclusion
PART XIII. Ocular Surface Transplantation
163. Classification and Staging of Ocular Surface Disease
Introduction
Classification of Ocular Surface Disease
Staging of Ocular Surface Disease
164. Conjunctival Limbal Autograft 1
Introduction
Indications and Patient Selection
Preoperative Evaluation and Ocular Surface Optimization
Surgical Procedure
Postoperative Management
Outcomes and Complications
Surgical Alternatives
165. Living-Related Conjunctival Limbal Allograft
Introduction
Indications/Contraindications
Preoperative Considerations
Surgical Procedure
The Cincinnati Procedure and Combined LR-CLAL With Conjunctival Limbal Autograft
Postoperative Management
Rejection and Failure
Ocular Surface Stability and Visual Acuity Outcomes
166. Keratolimbal Allograft
Indications and Contraindications
Preoperative Considerations
Surgical Technique
Combined Conjunctival Limbal Allograft and Keratolimbal Allograft (“Cincinnati Procedure”)
Postoperative Considerations
167. Cultivated Limbal Epithelial Transplant
Introduction
History
Origin of Cells
Culture Process
Surgical Procedure
CLET in Children
Follow Up
Results Table (LSCD Review)
Outcomes
Complications
Advantages and Disadvantages of CLET
Future Directions of CLET
168. Simple Limbal Epithelial Transplantation
Introduction
Indications for Simple Limbal Epithelial Transplantation
Technique
Technique Modifications
Results
Allogenic Simple Limbal Epithelial Transplantation
Complications and Risk Factors for Failure
Other Indications for SLET
Conclusion
169. Postoperative Management of Ocular Surface Reconstruction
Introduction
Preoperative Screening and Donor Selection—the Cincinnati Protocol
Preventing Immune Rejection
Immunosuppression Regimen
Ocular Surface Rehabilitation
Postoperative Infectious Keratitis
170. Corneal Transplantation in Ocular Surface Disease
Introduction
Review of the Literature
Treatment Paradigm for Keratoplasty in Patients With Severe Ocular Surface Disease
Summary
171. Outcomes of Ocular Surface Transplantation
Introduction
Outcome Measures
Autograft Outcomes
Allogeneic Outcomes
Keratoplasty Outcomes
Rejection Outcomes
Ocular Hypertension/Glaucoma
Infectious Keratitis (Fig. 171.2)
Conclusion
Refractive Surgery
SECTION 1. Preoperative Considerations
172. Decision-Making in Refractive Surgery
Excimer Laser Vision Correction
Thin-Flap Lasik
Surface Ablation
Small-Incision Lenticule Extraction
Conductive Keratoplasty
Arcuate Transverse Keratotomy
Phakic Intraocular Lenses
Intraocular Lens After Phacoemulsification
Retreatments And Sequential Procedures
Intracorneal Inlays
Treatment of Presbyopia
173. Patient Evaluation and Selection in Refractive Surgery
Introduction
History
Examination
Informed Consent
174. Topographic Analysis in Keratorefractive Surgery
Introduction
Background
Clinical Applications
Postoperative Evaluations
Future Horizons
SECTION 2. Laser Vision Correction
175. Excimer Laser Surface Treatment: Photorefractive Keratectomy
Excimer Laser Surface Treatment
Indications for Photorefractive Keratectomy
Specific Considerations in Photorefractive Keratectomy Candidate Evaluation
Photorefractive Keratectomy Epithelial Removal
Postoperative Management
Results
Complications
Conclusion
176. LASIK Technique
Introduction
The Evolution of Lasik
Advantages of the Femtosecond Laser Flap Creation Versus the Microkeratome
Lasik Evaluation
Preoperative Planning
Preoperative Preparation
Technique
Lasik Results
Lasik Enhancements
The Future of Lasik
177. LASIK for Myopia
History
LASIK
LASIK in Complex Cases
LASIK After Smile
LASIK After Intraocular Lenses
Intraocular Lens Calculations After LASIK
Summary
178. LASIK for Hyperopia
Introduction
Physiologic Aspects of Hyperopia
Corneal Surgery for Hyperopia
Preoperative Considerations and Patient Selection
Indications for Lasik for Hyperopia
Technique
Results
Complications
Conclusion
179. LASIK Complications
Introduction
Intraoperative LASIK Complications
Early Postoperative Complications
Late Postoperative LASIK Complications
180. Corneal Ectasia: Prevention, Detection, and Management
Prevention
Detection
Management
181. Small-Incision Lenticule Extraction
Introduction
Basic Science
Clinical Assessments and Outcomes
Enhancement Following Small-Incision Lenticule Extraction
Conclusions and Future Prospects
SECTION 3. Additional Refractive Procedures
182. Topography-Guided Photorefractive Keratectomy
Keratoconus, Pellucid Marginal Degeneration, or Ectasia
After Radial Keratotomy
After LASIK, PRK, or SMILE
Other Conditions
Caution in Interpreting Topographic Maps
Summary
183. Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segments
A Brief History of the Technique
Mechanism of Action
Market Availability
Indications and Contraindications
Surgical Planning
Surgical Procedure
Complications
184. Combined Corneal Refractive Techniques
Combination of Two Procedures Excluding Excimer Laser Ablation
Combination of Two Procedures, at Least One Of Which is an Ablation Procedure
Triple Procedure
Four-Stage Procedure
185. Incisional Keratotomy
Introduction
Manual Peripheral Corneal Relaxing Incisions
Femtosecond Corneal Relaxing Incisions
Alignment
Incisional Keratotomy for Post Keratoplasty or Cornea Refractive Surgery
Summary
186. Phakic Intraocular Lenses
Introduction
Angle-Supported Anterior Chamber Phakic Intraocular Lenses
Anterior Chamber Iris-Fixated Phakic Intraocular Lenses
Posterior Chamber Phakic Intraocular Lenses
Bioptics
187. Corneal Inlay Surgery for Presbyopia: Techniques and Complications
Introduction
Small-Aperture Inlays: Lessons Learned
Postoperative Management
Conclusion
Index
9780323672405
Cornea
617.719 MAN-C5.2
Cornea : fundamentals, diagnosis and management vol.2 - 5 - Amsterdam Elsevier, 2022 - 1147-1804+index
SURGERY OF THE CORNEA AND CONJUNCTIVA
Keratoplasty
SECTION 1. Overview
109. The Evolution of Contemporary Keratoplasty
Early Contributions to Corneal Transplantation
Modern Techniques of Corneal Transplantation
The Evolution From Penetrating Keratoplasty Back to Lamellar Keratoplasty
Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty
Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty
Thin Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty Techniques
Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty
Use of the Femtosecond Laser
Ocular Surface Transplantation
Cell-Based Therapy for Endothelial Dysfunction
Conclusion
110. Preoperative Considerations and Decision-Making in Keratoplasty
General Considerations
Summary
SECTION 2. Penetrating Keratoplasty Procedures
111. Penetrating Keratoplasty: The Fundamentals
Introduction
Factors in Patient Selection
Establish Realistic Expectations
Surgical Setting and Anesthesia
Preoperative Preparations
Surgical Steps in Phakic Penetrating Keratoplasty
Surgical Tips on Wound Closure
Postoperative Suture Adjustment
Special Circumstances
112. Intraoperative Complications of Penetrating Keratoplasty
Complications Related to Anesthesia
Scleral Perforation with Fixation Sutures
Complications Related to Trephination
Complications Related to Damage to Intraocular Structures
Complications Related to Positive Vitreous Pressure
Complications Related to Bleeding in the Anterior Segment
Expulsive Suprachoroidal Hemorrhage
113. Femtosecond-Assisted Penetrating Keratoplasty
Introduction
Laboratory Research
Problems With Traditional Penetrating Keratoplasty
Laser Platforms
Preoperative Evaluation
Posterior Side Bridge
Trephination Geometry
Surgical Methodology
Early Outcomes
Femtosecond Laser-Enabled Keratoplasty Versus Conventional Penetrating Keratoplasty
Suture-Out Femtosecond Laser-Enabled Keratoplasty Data
Femtosecond-Assisted Lamellar Keratoplasty
SECTION 3. Penetrating Keratoplasty: Postoperative Management
114. Postoperative Management
Immediate Postoperative Care
Early Postoperative Care
Postoperative Care
Postoperative Care in Infants and Children
Early Postoperative Complications
Wound Leaks and Wound Displacement
Persistent Epithelial Defects
Filamentary Keratitis
Suture-Related Complications
Elevated Intraocular Pressure
Postoperative Inflammation
Anterior Synechia
Pupillary Block
Choroidal Detachment and Choroidal Hemorrhage
Hyphema
Fixed Dilated Pupil
Postoperative Infection
Primary Graft Failure
Epithelial Downgrowth
Fibrous Ingrowth
Differential Diagnosis
Management of PostKeratoplasty Astigmatism
Preoperative Factors
Intraoperative Factors
Postoperative Factors
Conclusion
115. Diagnosis and Management of Corneal Allograft Rejection
Clinical Aspects of Corneal Allograft Rejection
Historical Perspective
Recognition of Risk Factors
Clinical Features of Corneal Allograft Rejection
Differential Diagnosis of Corneal Allograft Rejection
Treatment of Corneal Allograft Rejection
Prevention of Corneal Allograft Rejection
Management Strategy
116. Infections After Penetrating Keratoplasty
Microbial Keratitis
Suture Abscess
Infectious Crystalline Keratopathy
Endophthalmitis
Recurrence of Host Infections After Penetrating Keratoplasty
Newly Acquired Herpetic Keratitis After Keratoplasty
Transmission of Unusual Infections
Conclusion
117. Glaucoma After Corneal Transplantation
Incidence
Risk Factors
The Prekeratoplasty Evaluation
Clinical Presentation
Glaucoma and Graft Failure
Summary
SECTION 4. Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty
118. Indications for Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty
Introduction
Lamellar Keratoplasty Techniques For Stromal Diseases
Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty Indications
119. Historical Development of Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty
120. Techniques of Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty
Introduction
Surgical Anatomy of the Corneal Stroma
Dalk Surgical Techniques
121. Intraoperative and Postoperative Complications of Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty
Indications for Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty
Surgical Instruments to Prevent Intraoperative Complications
Intraoperative Complications
Postoperative Complications
122. Recovery Techniques in Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty
Introduction
Standard Techniques And Learning Curves
Avoidance of Descemet Membrane Ruptures
Repair of Descemet Membrane Ruptures
123. Outcomes of Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty
Introduction
Visual Outcomes
Refractive Outcomes
Graft Survival
Suture Management and Other Postoperative Factors
Resistance to Trauma
Surgical Planning
Summary
SECTION 5. Complex Keratoplasty
124. Pediatric Keratoplasty
Introduction
An Approach to Treating Children with Corneal Opacities
Indications
Preoperative Evaluation
Management Options
Pediatric Keratoplasty
Scheduling Surgery
Operative Technique
Anesthesia
Penetrating Keratoplasty
Rotational Penetrating Autokeratoplasty
Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty
Endothelial Keratoplasty
Concomitant Procedures
Postoperative Evaluation
Early Postoperative Complications
Intermediate to Late Postoperative Complications
Optical Correction and Amblyopia Therapy
Graft Survival
Risk Factors for Failure
Visual Outcome
The Future
125. Keratoplasty in Herpes Simplex Infection
Indications and Timing for Corneal Grafting
Preoperative Measures
Operative Technique
Postoperative Management
126. Immunologically High-Risk Penetrating Keratoplasty and Large-Diameter Corneal Grafts
Introduction
Immunology of Graft Rejection
Risk Factors for Immune Rejection (BOX 126.1)
Clinical Management of Immunologically High-Risk Penetrating Keratoplasty
SECTION 6. Endothelial Keratoplasty
127. Historical Development of Endothelial Keratoplasty
Introduction
Early Posterior Lamellar Keratoplasty
The Flap Technique of Posterior Lamellar Keratoplasty
The Limbal Approach to Endothelial Replacement
Deep Lamellar Endothelial Keratoplasty
Descemet Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty
Advances in Eye Bank Tissue Preparation
Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty
Alternatives to Endothelial Transplantation: Descemet Stripping Only and Rho-Associated Kinase Inhibitors
128. Indications and Decision-Making for Endothelial Keratoplasty
Indications for Endothelial Keratoplasty
Advantages of Endothelial Keratoplasty
Types of Endothelial Keratoplasty Procedures
Patient Selection
Duration of Corneal Edema
Lens Considerations
Conclusion
129. Eye Bank Preparation of Tissue for Endothelial Keratoplasty
Introduction
Issues to Consider
Techniques
Summary
130. Surgical Techniques for Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty
Intraoperative Considerations
Techniques to Improve Donor Adherence
Donor Insertion Techniques
Donor Apposition Techniques
Early Postoperative Management
Special Considerations for Endothelial Keratoplasty
Summary
131. Ultrathin Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty
Introduction
Indications
Preoperative Planning
Surgical Technique
Postoperative Care
Results
Complications
Conclusion
132. Nanothin Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty
Introduction
Ultrathin Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty and its Outcomes
Nanothin Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty
Nanothin Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty Outcomes
Intraoperative Technique for Nanothin Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty (Fig. 132.2 and Video 132.1)
Advantages of Nanothin Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty
133. Intraoperative and Postoperative Complications of Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty
Complications of Donor Tissue Preparation
Intraoperative Complications
Postoperative Complications
134. Outcomes of Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty
Introduction
Results
Summary
135. Surgical Technique for Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty
Introduction
Injectors
Recipient Preparation
Wound Creation
Graft Orientation
Unscrolling and Centering
Graft Tamponade With Air or Sulfur Hexafluoride 20%
136. Intraoperative and Postoperative Complications of Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty
Introduction
Intraoperative Complications
Postoperative Complications
Conclusion
137. Outcomes of Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty
Introduction
Visual Function After Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty
Morphology After Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty
Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Outcomes: Preoperative Considerations
Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Outcomes: Perioperative Considerations
Postoperative Management and Complications
Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Outcomes: Comparison With Other Techniques of Posterior Lamellar Surgery
Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty in Special Situations
138. Complex Endothelial Keratoplasty
Introduction
Lens Abnormalities
Anterior Chamber Abnormalities
Iris Abnormalities
Previous Glaucoma Surgery
Previous Failed Graft
Summary
139. Cultivated Corneal Endothelial Cell Transplantation
Concept
Corneal Endothelial Cell Biology
Cultured Human Corneal Endothelial Cells-Sheet Transplantation
Cultured Human Corneal Endothelial Cells-Injection Therapy
Topical Treatment of Corneal Endothelial Disease
Therapeutic Procedures
SECTION 1. Corneal Surgery
140. Management of Corneal Perforations
Etiology
Terminology
Signs and Symptoms of Descemetocele and Perforation
Preoperative Management
Treatment Options
Prevention of Corneal Perforation
Conclusion
141. Therapeutic Keratoplasty
Therapeutic Keratoplasty for Infectious Keratitis
Tectonic Indications for Therapeutic Keratoplasty
Presurgical Evaluation
Antimicrobial Therapy
Donor Material
Surgical Technique
Postoperative Management of Therapeutic Keratoplasty
Visual Prognosis for Therapeutic Keratoplasty
142. Surgical Management of Superficial Corneal and Conjunctival Disease
Introduction
Superficial Corneal Diseases
Superficial Conjunctival Diseases
Conclusion
143. Excimer Laser Phototherapeutic Keratectomy
Introduction
Indications for Phototherapeutic Keratectomy
Contraindications
Preoperative Evaluation
Patient Selection
Techniques
Postoperative Management
Results
Side Effects and Complications
Future Directions
Summary
SECTION 2. Conjunctival Surgery
Management of Primary Pterygium
Introduction
Definition and Morphology
Epidemiology of Pterygium
Pathogenesis of Pterygium
Therapeutic Options for Pterygium
Complications of Conjunctival Autografting
Conclusion
145. Management of Recurrent Pterygium
Introduction
Aims and Definitions
Risk Factors for Pterygium Recurrence
Dry Eye Syndrome
Timing of Surgery
Surgical Technique
Previous Surgical Procedures
Other Considerations
Medial Rectus
Author’s Technique
Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Pterygium Surgery
Further Considerations
Conclusion
146. Conjunctival Flaps
Introduction
Indications
Lacrimal Punctal Occlusion
Disadvantages
Surgical Techniques
Complications
147. Indications for and Uses of Amniotic Membrane: Clinic
The Amniotic Membrane: Histology, Biologic Properties, and Clinical Effects
Preserving The Amniotic Membrane
Complications
148. Indications for and Uses of Amniotic Membrane: Operating Room
The Amniotic Membrane: Histology, Biologic Properties, and Clinical Effects
Preservation Methods of Amniotic Membrane: Tissue Bank
Techniques for Amniotic Membrane Implantation in The Operating Room (Video 148.1 )
Amniotic Membrane Transplantation in Ocular Surface Diseases1,2,5
Limitations of Amniotic Membrane Transplantation in Ocular Surface Diseases
Complications
SECTION 3. Anterior Segment Surgery
149. Surgical Management and Rehabilitation of Anterior Segment Trauma
Patient Evaluation
Management of Penetrating and Perforating Trauma
Postoperative Care
Suture Removal
Visual Rehabilitation
Conclusion
150. Iris Reconstruction Surgery
Iris Suture Techniques
Iridodialysis Repair
Iris Relaxing Incisions
Iris Oversewing of Transillumination Defects
Scissors Sculpting
Vitrector Sculpting
Iris Prostheses
Summary
151. Management of Scleral Perforation
General Management Strategies
Anesthesia for Scleral Perforations
Surgical Repair of Scleral Perforations
Summary
PART XI. Collagen Crosslinking
152. Collagen Crosslinking for Keratoconus
Introduction
Mechanism of Action
Indications
Contraindications
Surgical Procedure
Cellular and Ultrastructural Findings After Crosslinking
Biomechanical Changes
Complications
Clinical Outcomes
Future Directions
Conclusion
153. Collagen Crosslinking for Postrefractive Ectasia
Introduction
Pathophysiology
Clinical Outcomes
Topographic Outcomes
Postoperative Timecourse
Biomechanical Effects of Corneal Collagen Crosslinking
Complications
Postoperative Haze
Corneal Pachymetry
Predictors of Outcomes
Future of Corneal Collagen Crosslinking
Financial Disclosure
154. Collagen Crosslinking for Infectious Keratitis
Bacterial Susceptibility
Fungal Susceptibility
Acanthamoeba Susceptibility
PACK-Corneal Crosslinking
Conclusion
PART XII. Keratoprosthesis
155. Indications for Keratoprosthesis
Introduction
Keratoprosthesis Designs Currently in Wide Use
Other Keratoprosthesis Devices
Summary
156. Boston Keratoprosthesis Type 1 Surgical Technique
Preoperative Evaluation
Assembly and Surgical Procedure ( Video 156.1)
Postoperative Management
157. Postoperative Management of Boston Keratoprosthesis Type 1
Avoidance of Complications
Postoperative Patient Evaluation
Postoperative Treatment
Conclusion
158. Complications of Boston Keratoprosthesis Type 1
Retroprosthetic Membrane
Glaucoma
Endophthalmitis
Posterior Segment Complications
Infectious Keratitis
Keratolysis or Corneal Melt
Extrusion or Keratoprosthesis Loss
159. Outcomes of Boston Keratoprosthesis Type 1
Introduction
Visual Acuity and Prosthesis Retention
Postoperative Complications
Retroprosthetic Membranes
Glaucoma
Infectious Keratitis
Endophthalmitis
Sterile Vitritis
Retinal Detachment
Corneal Melt
Conclusion
160. Boston Keratoprosthesis Type 2 Surgical Techniques, Complications, and Outcomes
Background and Design
Surgical Planning
Surgical Technique
Postoperative Care
Outcomes and Complications
Conclusion
161. Osteo-Odonto-Keratoprosthesis
Introduction
Preoperative Assessment
Surgical Technique
Results and Complications
Conclusion
162. Contemporary Approaches to the Biosynthetic Cornea: Overview and Classification
Alphacor
Keraklear
Tissue Engineering
Cell Culture—Endothelial Cell Injection Therapy
Future Directions
Conclusion
PART XIII. Ocular Surface Transplantation
163. Classification and Staging of Ocular Surface Disease
Introduction
Classification of Ocular Surface Disease
Staging of Ocular Surface Disease
164. Conjunctival Limbal Autograft 1
Introduction
Indications and Patient Selection
Preoperative Evaluation and Ocular Surface Optimization
Surgical Procedure
Postoperative Management
Outcomes and Complications
Surgical Alternatives
165. Living-Related Conjunctival Limbal Allograft
Introduction
Indications/Contraindications
Preoperative Considerations
Surgical Procedure
The Cincinnati Procedure and Combined LR-CLAL With Conjunctival Limbal Autograft
Postoperative Management
Rejection and Failure
Ocular Surface Stability and Visual Acuity Outcomes
166. Keratolimbal Allograft
Indications and Contraindications
Preoperative Considerations
Surgical Technique
Combined Conjunctival Limbal Allograft and Keratolimbal Allograft (“Cincinnati Procedure”)
Postoperative Considerations
167. Cultivated Limbal Epithelial Transplant
Introduction
History
Origin of Cells
Culture Process
Surgical Procedure
CLET in Children
Follow Up
Results Table (LSCD Review)
Outcomes
Complications
Advantages and Disadvantages of CLET
Future Directions of CLET
168. Simple Limbal Epithelial Transplantation
Introduction
Indications for Simple Limbal Epithelial Transplantation
Technique
Technique Modifications
Results
Allogenic Simple Limbal Epithelial Transplantation
Complications and Risk Factors for Failure
Other Indications for SLET
Conclusion
169. Postoperative Management of Ocular Surface Reconstruction
Introduction
Preoperative Screening and Donor Selection—the Cincinnati Protocol
Preventing Immune Rejection
Immunosuppression Regimen
Ocular Surface Rehabilitation
Postoperative Infectious Keratitis
170. Corneal Transplantation in Ocular Surface Disease
Introduction
Review of the Literature
Treatment Paradigm for Keratoplasty in Patients With Severe Ocular Surface Disease
Summary
171. Outcomes of Ocular Surface Transplantation
Introduction
Outcome Measures
Autograft Outcomes
Allogeneic Outcomes
Keratoplasty Outcomes
Rejection Outcomes
Ocular Hypertension/Glaucoma
Infectious Keratitis (Fig. 171.2)
Conclusion
Refractive Surgery
SECTION 1. Preoperative Considerations
172. Decision-Making in Refractive Surgery
Excimer Laser Vision Correction
Thin-Flap Lasik
Surface Ablation
Small-Incision Lenticule Extraction
Conductive Keratoplasty
Arcuate Transverse Keratotomy
Phakic Intraocular Lenses
Intraocular Lens After Phacoemulsification
Retreatments And Sequential Procedures
Intracorneal Inlays
Treatment of Presbyopia
173. Patient Evaluation and Selection in Refractive Surgery
Introduction
History
Examination
Informed Consent
174. Topographic Analysis in Keratorefractive Surgery
Introduction
Background
Clinical Applications
Postoperative Evaluations
Future Horizons
SECTION 2. Laser Vision Correction
175. Excimer Laser Surface Treatment: Photorefractive Keratectomy
Excimer Laser Surface Treatment
Indications for Photorefractive Keratectomy
Specific Considerations in Photorefractive Keratectomy Candidate Evaluation
Photorefractive Keratectomy Epithelial Removal
Postoperative Management
Results
Complications
Conclusion
176. LASIK Technique
Introduction
The Evolution of Lasik
Advantages of the Femtosecond Laser Flap Creation Versus the Microkeratome
Lasik Evaluation
Preoperative Planning
Preoperative Preparation
Technique
Lasik Results
Lasik Enhancements
The Future of Lasik
177. LASIK for Myopia
History
LASIK
LASIK in Complex Cases
LASIK After Smile
LASIK After Intraocular Lenses
Intraocular Lens Calculations After LASIK
Summary
178. LASIK for Hyperopia
Introduction
Physiologic Aspects of Hyperopia
Corneal Surgery for Hyperopia
Preoperative Considerations and Patient Selection
Indications for Lasik for Hyperopia
Technique
Results
Complications
Conclusion
179. LASIK Complications
Introduction
Intraoperative LASIK Complications
Early Postoperative Complications
Late Postoperative LASIK Complications
180. Corneal Ectasia: Prevention, Detection, and Management
Prevention
Detection
Management
181. Small-Incision Lenticule Extraction
Introduction
Basic Science
Clinical Assessments and Outcomes
Enhancement Following Small-Incision Lenticule Extraction
Conclusions and Future Prospects
SECTION 3. Additional Refractive Procedures
182. Topography-Guided Photorefractive Keratectomy
Keratoconus, Pellucid Marginal Degeneration, or Ectasia
After Radial Keratotomy
After LASIK, PRK, or SMILE
Other Conditions
Caution in Interpreting Topographic Maps
Summary
183. Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segments
A Brief History of the Technique
Mechanism of Action
Market Availability
Indications and Contraindications
Surgical Planning
Surgical Procedure
Complications
184. Combined Corneal Refractive Techniques
Combination of Two Procedures Excluding Excimer Laser Ablation
Combination of Two Procedures, at Least One Of Which is an Ablation Procedure
Triple Procedure
Four-Stage Procedure
185. Incisional Keratotomy
Introduction
Manual Peripheral Corneal Relaxing Incisions
Femtosecond Corneal Relaxing Incisions
Alignment
Incisional Keratotomy for Post Keratoplasty or Cornea Refractive Surgery
Summary
186. Phakic Intraocular Lenses
Introduction
Angle-Supported Anterior Chamber Phakic Intraocular Lenses
Anterior Chamber Iris-Fixated Phakic Intraocular Lenses
Posterior Chamber Phakic Intraocular Lenses
Bioptics
187. Corneal Inlay Surgery for Presbyopia: Techniques and Complications
Introduction
Small-Aperture Inlays: Lessons Learned
Postoperative Management
Conclusion
Index
9780323672405
Cornea
617.719 MAN-C5.2